This allowed a further increase in vanadium beyond 10%. The specimens were heat treated by myself and Warren Krywko. 10V has enough edge retention for most knife applications. HIPped 10V-12 produces a homogeneous carbide distribution superior to conventional steels ensuring consistent wear throughout the part. According to the chemical composition and the HRC of the steel, the CPM 20cv Steel has the following features: CPM 20cv Edge Retention: CPM 20CV offers excellent edge retention due to the high carbon, high vanadium and high chromium in it. However, having vanadium carbides, the structure is a bit finer than stainless steels as shown in the micrographs above. Required fields are marked *. CPM S110V has higher corrosion resistance than S90V and marginally better wear resistance. 10V also maintains its toughness relatively well at high hardness; the behavior is relatively flat in the chart below (green triangles). HIPped 10V-12 produces a homogeneous carbide distribution superior to conventional steels … CPM-3V Corrosion Test: We've been getting a lot of questions about CPM-3V and how badly it rusts if it isn't taken care of. Hardness range 58-60 Rc. High vanadium steels had very high wear resistance, making them attractive for certain applications. It is designed with a tough, air hardening base analysis with added high carbon and vanadium for exceptionally good wear resistance, toughness and strength for cold and warm work tooling applications. Corrosion Resistance: The CPM S110V is stainless steel with over 15% of chromium, which gives great corrosion resistance so that it would be great for tools used in wet environments. Sharpness: The harder the steel, the harder to sharpen it, this rule applies to all steels, if steel offers an excellent wear resistance … ASM Books Home; Technical Books; Journals. This alloy exhibits the highest wear resistance available in the particle metal series. This is a similar volume of carbide to many popular stainless knife steels. [5] https://patents.google.com/patent/US10472704B2/, [6] https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1382704B1/. The relatively low molybdenum content in 10V means that hardness values are significantly lower when using high temperature tempering (~1000-1050°) when compared with low temperature tempering (300-500°F). The high chromium meant that some chromium carbides were in the heat treated steel, reducing properties. K390, however, has a very similar looking microstructure to 10V. if the carbon content of 3%Nb steel increased to 1.1%-1.3% range it expected to give the same 67 HRc hardness of 1%V-1%Nb steel with an expected drastic increasing in wear resistance especially if it is made by powder metallurgy with a fine uniform microstructure . Phil Wilson uses CPM 10V and other CPM steels. This alloy exhibits the highest wear resistance available in the particle metal series CPM 9V, with slightly less vanadium and carbon giving a little less abrasion resistance but … Wear Resistance: CPM S110V Offers an extremely high wear resistance thanks to its chemical composition (it has Niobium, Vanadium, and Chromium, the three of them offer the steel corrosion resistance… Bimetallic Sleeves It was also promoted as an alternative to high wear resistance materials with poor toughness like tungsten carbide in cold work tooling applications. Tske your knife to the next level. High performance alloy steels selected to match specific applications, Elements manufactured for more than 30 brands of twin screw extruders including: Coperion, Werner & Pfleiderer, Berstorff, Clextral, Davis Strand, APV, and many more. but this can easily explained by higher hardness of 67 HRc & a finer NbC particles due to lower Nb content as these steels made by conventional metallurgy . Using 1975 and 400°F delivers 65+ Rc while providing an increase in strength and edge retention, with only a small decrease in toughness. We tested a series of unnotched subsize charpy specimens using steel donated by Alpha Knife Supply and Niagara Specialty Metals. There is almost no information announced about it, not even a composition, but I did analyze what they have given us. I interviewed Phil in this article. Of course, I would tell them how to take care of it, but that doesn't mean they actually would. Walter Haswell had previously worked at Latrobe (like David Giles who developed A7) and had been involved with the development of high vanadium and high wear resistance steels [1]. it seems a higher hardness makes carbides more effective for edge retention . The harder the carbides, the higher the level of wear resistance for a given amount of carbide. High-speed steels such as M2 and PM-M4, as well as high-alloy grades such as CPM-10V, can provide the necessary wear resis-tance. So 10V could be a drop-in replacement for D2 with longer life. And machined by myself and Matt Gregory. ASM Conference Proceedings Home; ISTFA Proceedings; Books. Also, Australian readers are now telling me it is possible to buy the book now from Amazon USA. However, with 10V the low temper allows a reduced austenitizing temperature where there is less grain growth and lower carbon in solution for better toughness, see this article on austenitizing for more information. Toughness is similar or better than many popular powder metallurgy stainless knife steels. [1] CPM 15V,[20] proprietary, extremely high wear-resistant … 10V-12 also utilizes a soft core to protect shaft splines and to ensure maximum transfer of torque. Excellent for kitchen knives, hunting knives, and every day carry. I enjoy your blog but it will be nice to have a book to keep in the shop library (that is the drawer of my desk with the books in it) that I can reference without going to the computer. Offering more than 60 materials, Century Extrusion is able to meet your most specific wear and corrosion requirements. Cryo+400 hardness as measured by me, 1000°F temper from the 10V datasheet. 10V-12 has become the industry benchmark for high wear application. Higher than most common knife steels like 440C, 154CM, S30V, M390, Elmax, etc. 10V has excellent edge retention due to its high wear resistance, though grinding and polishing can be challenging with the hard vanadium carbides. The goal was to maximize vanadium carbide content for high wear resistance without having so much carbide that toughness is low. It is not available in forged or rolled bar lengths. To their surprise, M4 went from being one of the lowest toughness high speed steels to the highest toughness of all after being produced with powder metallurgy, even when the other high speed steels are produced with PM. 10V was an evolution of previous 4-5% vanadium steels. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. These steels were developed for “cold work” as opposed to M4 and T15 which are “high speed” steels designed to operate at higher temperatures that are generated during machining. In the 1930’s it was discovered that high vanadium steels could be developed if an increase in carbon was made at the same time. I have narrowed it down to CPM 4V and CPM 20CV. Hohe Qualität Korrosionsbeständige Maschinen-Teile des Durchmesser-400mm des Extruder-C22 de la Chine, Extrudermaschinenteile Produktmarkt, Mit strenger Qualitätskontrolle Extrudermaschinenteile usines, Hohe Qualität produzieren Korrosionsbeständige Maschinen-Teile des Durchmesser-400mm des Extruder-C22 produits. CPM 10V offers substantially better wear resistance than the high-carbon, high-chromium die steels such as D2 and D7. This tool steel has added vanadium and high carbon for exceptional wear resistance. This gives 10V similar toughness to stainless steels S35VN and CPM-154 but with significantly higher edge retention. This also affects sharpening for the same reasons. The general design philosophy of 10V also continued with many future steels. Bizarrely, A11 does not appear in the list of compositions in the most recent Tool Steels Product Manual, but then does show up in the “Data Sheets” section later in the book where forging, hardening, tempering and other temperatures can be found. The two 1000°F tempered conditions tested, however, had reduced toughness. 10V has not seen much use in production knives, nor any of the variants like Vanadis 10 or K390. Century Extrusion manufactures 10V-12 in-house in order to maintain tight control of quality, lead time, and cost. This provides the steel some flexibility as it can be heat treated to a bit lower hardness for higher toughness or high hardness for extreme cutting knives. And make sure you leave a review on Amazon. At sufficiently high temperature the carbides form in the liquid steel where they can grow very rapidly. Grindability, Polishability, Sharpenability, and Corrosion Resistance. Bimetallic Barrels. CPM 15V was developed to withstand extreme wear conditions where carbide fractures and CPM 10-V is not wear resistant enough. And it was below only very high wear resistance steels like S125V, 15V, Z-Max, and Rex 121. “Prealloyed high-vanadium, cold work tool steel particles and methods for producing the same.” U.S. Patent 5,238,482, issued August 24, 1993. A large volume of hard vanadium carbides provides the high wear resistance. This was one of the last tool steels given an AISI designation, as AISI discontinued the publication of their Product Manuals in 1981. 10V had somewhat better toughness than the common die steel D2 while also having a significant boost in wear resistance. Of course the carbide size of either is significantly smaller than conventional steels like 154CM. With the success of 10V there were of course competing products. The presence of retained austenite may reduce the net growth. In fact, most CPM grades designed for metalforming tools have impact resistance comparable to the lower wear resistance grades such as D2. the replacement of 2%V by 1%V-1%Nb combination leading to highest cutting performance about 4 times of conventional M2!! The last edition of the Tool Steels Product Manual was in 2000. Corrosion Analysis Network; Pearson's Crystal Data; ASM Materials Platform for Data Science; Magazines. AEBL, NITRO-V, 14C28N, … Wear Resistance: being high in Vanadium and Molybdenum, the CPM M4 has excellent wear resistance. Materials commonly used to construct components of injection machines and extruders are wear resistant cold work tool steels such as CPM® 9V and CPM® 10V, wear and corrosion resistant tool steels such as CPM® S90V, and nickel based alloys. Crucible continues to develop specific high vanadium CPM grades to meet a variety of wear/toughness requirements. Extremely Good Corrosion and Good Abrasion Resistant HCHC. Your email address will not be published. It is not available in forged or rolled bar lengths. They also found that 11V would have reduced wear resistance relative to 10V because of larger carbides in certain tests. Extremely Good Abrasion and Good Corrosion Resistant. This … The reviews have been coming in and the feedback is very positive so far. Uddeholm eventually released Vanadis 8 in 2016 [5] as an improved version with reduced Cr and higher Mo. CPM 10V & Vanadis 10. These steels were developed by James P. Gill of VASCO as described in this article. Crucible metallurgists later developed modified processing parameters [3] during powder metallurgy production, primarily a higher melting temperature. My new book, Knife Engineering: Steel, Heat Treating, and Geometry was released last week. High vanadium steels had very high wear resistance, making them attractive for certain applications. Loveless was known for being interested in different steels, most famously for popularizing 154CM as a knife steel. CPM-10V material was the first in the family of high vanadium tool steels made by Crucible. That previous knowledge from high wear resistance Latrobe steels likely helped with the development of 10V. CPM S110V is currently only available on special request in the as-HIP condition or as a clad layer on components. Vanadis 8 was found to have a bit lower carbide volume when looking at its microstructure which could help explain improved toughness. I think also some have assumed 10V has poor toughness because of the very high wear resistance even though it matches the toughness of popular stainless PM steels. CPM-10V was assigned the standard grade name of AISI A11. A11 is also nowhere to be found in the ASTM specifications for tool steels. based in NbC stoichiometry the carbon content can be reduced to only 1.8-2% range instead of 2.45%C in CPM-10V without compromising hardness . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. this 3% niobium addition should consume about ~ 0.4% carbon leaving only 0.4%C for dissolving in austenite . The good impact toughness is the result of the fine grain size, small carbides, and superior cleanliness of the powder metallurgy (PM) microstructure. In 2004, the Iron & Steel Society (ISS) and the Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE) consolidated to form the Association for Iron & Steel Technology (AIST). The 5.25% Cr and 1.3% Mo provides it enhanced corrosion resistance compared to simple carbon steels but is not a stainless steel. This puts the steel in a bit different category, read about 8% chromium steels in this article. We have found CPM 10V to have moderate abrasion resistance and poor corrosion resistance. CPM 10V is a unique tool steel made by the Crucible Particle Metallurgy process. CPM 420V & Elmax. Spyderco has released a few knives in 10V and K390, however. In polishing with common abrasives (aluminum oxide), polishing is challenging due to the vanadium carbides being harder than the abrasive, which affects material removal to the greatest extent when the abrasive is smaller than the carbides. This opened up a new category of product for tool steels. With not much more than 10%, the toughness would be reduced to the same level or lower as conventional (non-PM) 4-5% vanadium steels like M4 and A7 which would make 10V less desirable. Using 1775-1850°F austenitizing along with a 500°F temper, 60-62 Rc was achieved along with good toughness of about 8 ft-lbs. The K390 datasheet shows it having slightly less wear resistance than 10V. Through hardened for consistent wear throughout the life of part, Soft core for spline protection and maximum torque transfer, Profiles finish ground providing geometric accuracy and excellent surface finish, Engineered to meet or exceed OEM specifications. resistance, as illustrated in Figure 2. This gave 10V a combination of good toughness along with very high wear resistance from the ~10% vanadium and therefore ~17% vanadium carbide. Hohe Qualität Hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeits-Doppelschneckenextruder zerteilt Extruder-Schrauben-Element für TEX54 de la Chine, Extruder-Schrauben-Elemente Produktmarkt, Mit strenger Qualitätskontrolle Extruder-Schrauben-Elemente usines, Hohe Qualität produzieren Hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeits-Doppelschneckenextruder zerteilt Extruder-Schrauben-Element für … 10V was one of the first steels to be designed to avoid all other carbide types and to be made up of vanadium carbide only. That previous knowledge from high wear resistance … 10V was developed to have a very high vanadium content for high wear resistance, higher vanadium (~10%) than was possible with conventional processing. History of CPM-10V Steel. A high-vanadium, high-carbon alloy with extreme abrasion resistance used for barrel liners. I read a study compared total replacement of Vanadium by Niobium in M2 high speed & they found that replacing 2% vanadium by 2% niobium although decreasing hardness from ~66 HRc to 65 HRc the Nb steel have significantly higher cutting performance . 10V-12 was developed by Century Extrusion to offer the best cost per wear available today. High performance replacement screw elements from Century Extrusion. This is a similar finding to testing with CPM-CruWear. Enhanced edge holding, toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. … The wear and corrosive resistance of CPM 420V make it an excellent choice to replace D-2 and CPM 10V or other tool steels in applications where improved corrosion resistance is also of benefit. CPM S110V is currently only available on special request in the as-HIP condition or as a HIP-clad layer on components. Thanks to Adrian Hosseini, Jimmie Duncan, Michael Doyle, Dwight Brown, Yuval Peleg, Dan Eastland, Emiro Uribe, Tim Chen, and Adam Gonzalez for becoming Knife Steel Nerds Patreon supporters! then why the 2%Nb steels have higher cutting performance & edge retention even with decreased hardness ? The large carbides in the final product lead to poor toughness. can decreasing Carbon content gives this steel higher toughness although increased edge retention ? a comparative example can seen from your edge retention test which shows a higher performance of Z-Max containing only 5% Vanadium compared to CPM-15V with 3 times vanadium content !! In the 1930’s it was discovered that high vanadium steels could be developed if an increase in carbon was made at the same time. 10V can be heat treated to very high hardness levels “as-quenched,” and hardness is likely roughly the same with a 300°F temper. Go get one! The development of powder metallurgy technology allowed an increase in vanadium content without a reduction in toughness, providing an excellent combination of toughness and wear resistance. This can avoid some of many of the problems that can occur with multi-piece designs. The Coyote Meadow utility hunter was custom ordered in CPM-10V to offermaximum edge retention through high hardness and extreme wear resistance.The knife has a full distal taper to a slim point, the main full primary flatgrind is ground an edge is less than 0.010" thick behind the bevel, ground atabout 15 degrees per side. I look forward to learning and creating with the knowledge you have provided. “Tool steel.” U.S. Patent 4,863,515, issued September 5, 1989. They looked at a range of different vanadium contents and found that above around 10% vanadium, the carbide size would be increased, reducing grindability and toughness. Compare with more steels in this collection of micrographs. We use solid, thru-hardened tool steel with abrasion and corrosion resistant materials. 10V-12 is manufactured from powdered alloys utilizing HIPping technology. CPM 9V,[18] modification of CPM 10V with lower carbon and vanadium to improve toughness and heat check resistance. https://www.patreon.com/Knifesteelnerds, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). In this investigation, wear resistant CPM-9V and CPM-10V tool steel coatings were deposited on the surface of AISI 1070 carbon steel using a blown powder laser cladding technique. 10V was developed to have a very high vanadium content for high wear resistance, higher vanadium (~10%) than was possible with conventional processing. This was as measured in a “crossed-cylinder wear test,” a type of adhesive wear test not particularly relevant to knives, but this was further confirmation to the Crucible metallurgists that 10% vanadium was the reasonable limit (higher is better in the chart below). corrosion resistance than 440C or CPM S90V. Walter Haswell and August Kasak of Crucible patented CPM-10V using this technology in 1978. CPM S125-V is a bridge alloy that we can … The CPM process results in a fine and uniform carbide distribution in CPM S110V compared to conventionally produced high alloy tool steels which results in relatively … As far as I can tell none of these appeared on the market until after the 10V patent expired (1998) though perhaps some were made earlier under license. Tempering in this range may result in a slight decrease in corrosion resistance. Knife Engineering: Steel, Heat Treating, and Geometry, Crucible introduced industrial-scale powder metallurgy steel production, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/030716980803287125. This heat treatment was also tested in the CATRA study and had very good edge retention. 10V was very successful for Crucible because of its excellent properties including higher wear resistance than previously available steels. CPM 10V can be supplied as steel plate/ sheet, round steel bar, steel tube/pipe, steel stripe, steel billet, steel ingot, steel wire rods. That makes me think that I should stick to … 10V looks quite similar to Latrobe A7 except with an increased vanadium content. With any higher than about 4-5% vanadium, the steels would have very poor toughness; so poor, in fact, that the steel couldn’t be produced because it would crack during forging. There have been Steel Product Manuals since, such as for stainless steels (2008) or bar steels (2010), but after 20 years of no new edition on Tool Steels and no steel additions for ~40 years it seems the time of new standard designations for tool steels is long over. Personally, I really want to go with the 4V, but I worry about giving/selling a non-stainless knife to a friend that won't take care of it, and they end up unhappy because it's rusted to hell. Currently used by a few custom knife makers. Regular cold work tool steels such as CPM® 9V or CPM® 10V, despite their good wear resistance, have insufficient corrosion resistance … So a steel with hard 15% vanadium carbide has higher wear resistance than a steel with softer 15% chromium carbides. Vanadium carbides are typically smaller than chromium carbides in powder metallurgy steels. 10V is not a stainless steel, though it has somewhat better corrosion resistance than simple carbon steels. electroslag, forged ring/ block,etc. Thus, CPM steels may offer simultaneous improvements in both wear and toughness compared to conventional tool steels. The higher melting temperature means that the vanadium carbides do not form in the melt, maintaining a small size during the atomization process. So if you had issues ordering in the past give it another try. I talked to my friend Phil Wilson about use of 10V since he is known as one of the early knifemakers to use it. Amazon.com : Xinwoer 【New Year Deals】 12-24V DC Soil Moisture Sensor, 0-10V Output Waterproof Greenhouse Soil Moisture Humidity Sensor Tester Meter, Corrosion Resistance, Vacuum Filling and Sealing : Garden & Outdoor CPM-10V was developed by Crucible in the late 70s, as the first powder metallurgy steel to utilize a microstructure made up of only vanadium carbide, as opposed to chromium and molybdenum/tungsten carbides. Metallurgy and Testing of Knives and Steel. Walter Haswell and August Kasak of Crucible patented CPM-10V using this technology in 1978. CPM 20cv Corrosion Resistance: with 20% of He said that he spoke to Bob Loveless in the mid- to late-80s about 10V and Loveless said he liked 10V very much for its high edge retention but didn’t use it regularly because it wasn’t stainless. [1] Fletcher, Stewart G., and Walter T. Haswell Jr. “Abrasion resistant ferrous alloy containing chromium.” U.S. Patent 3,489,551, issued January 13, 1970. And it has better toughness than steels like M390 and S110V. Uddeholm developed Vanadis 10 in the late 80s [4]; they avoided the 10V patent by using increased chromium of 8%. And while the rights to the AISI Product Manuals were turned over to the Iron & Steel Society in 1986, they have not added any steels. – Niobium carbides have just similar hardness to Vanadium carbides , they also have higher density compared to vanadium carbides which means that the 2%V steels theoretically should have higher volume fractions of MC carbides compared to 2%Nb steels . Corrosion resistance of 10V is similar to other high alloy steel steels. Walter Haswell had previously worked at Latrobe (like David Giles who developed A7) and had been involved with the development of high vanadium and high wear resistance steels [1]. CPM S125V, online information is not available as of August 2014, contact Crucible Industries sales for information. The steel hasn’t seen that much use in knives, perhaps because of its very high wear resistance (difficult to grind and finish for makers) and not being a stainless. © 2019 CPM Extrusion Group. CPM-10V is exceptional for wear the link of the study : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/030716980803287125, Your email address will not be published. Using 1775-1850°F and 500°F leads to 60-62 Rc and decent toughness, 1975°F and 400°F leads to 65+ Rc for high strength and wear resistance with only a small reduction in toughness.